Protective role and mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (hucMSC-Exo) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and to clarify the critical role and regulating mechanism of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 6/poly adenosine-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) 1 signaling pathway during this process. Methods The hucMSC-Exo was extracted by ultracentrifugation, and identified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanoparticle tracing analysis and Western blot. SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (group S), sham operation+TRPC6 inhibitor SKF96365 group (group SS), renal IRI group (group IRI), exosome treatment group (group EXO) and exosome +TRPC6 inhibitor SKF96365 group (group ES), with 6 rats in each group. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were detected. Pathological changes of renal tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Paller score was calculated. The expression levels of key molecules of necroptosis in rat renal tissues, including receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1, RIPK3 and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), TRPC6 and PARP1, were detected by Western blot. Results Typical saucer-like structure was observed under TEM. Nanoparticle tracing analysis showed that the average diameter of the extracted substance was 125.9 nm. Western blot revealed that the surface markers of CD9, CD63 and CD81 were positively expressed, confirmed that the extracted substance was exosome. Compared with group S, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were up-regulated, the pathological damage of renal tissues was worsened, Paller score was elevated, the relative expression levels of TRPC6 and PARP1 proteins were down-regulated, and the relative expression levels of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL proteins were up-regulated in group IRI (all P < 0.05). Compared with group IRI, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were down-regulated, the pathological damage of renal tissues was mitigated, Paller score was decreased, the relative expression levels of TRPC6 and PARP1 proteins were up-regulated, and the relative expression levels of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL proteins were down-regulated in group EXO (all P < 0.05). Compared with group EXO, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were up-regulated, the pathological damage of renal tissues was aggravated, Paller score was increased, the relative expression levels of TRPC6 and PARP1 proteins were down-regulated, and the relative expression levels of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL proteins were up-regulated in group ES (all P < 0.05). Conclusions hucMSC-Exo may alleviate the necroptosis induced by renal IRI in rat models, which is related to the activation of TRPC6/PARP1 signaling pathway.

Assisted training model for improving the three-point shootout in basketball / Modelo de treinamento assistido para aperfeiçoamento da cesta de três pontos no basquetebol / Modelo de entrenamiento asistido para mejorar las canastas de tres puntos en baloncesto

ABSTRACT Introduction The outcome of basketball games is based on scoring, and basketball rules are discussed from a qualitative point of view. The three-point basket is the key to the game's success; improving this shot's percentage will ensure success. Objective Explore the key elements of a successful three-point shot, discussing its effective improvements. Methods This paper randomly selects 26 students from a particular basketball class as volunteers for the research. Before starting the experiment, the subjects were divided into control and experimental groups; they were grouped according to their test scores. Four data of three-point shot rate, jump shot, and shot after dribbling are analyzed according to the grouping of players. The data were statistically treated for better appreciation of the results. Results Although the throws improved in both groups, the improvement was insignificant (P>0.05). After nine weeks of exercise, the success rate of three-point baskets in both the experimental and control groups improved. The improvement in the three-point basket was the greatest in the experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusion Functional strength training can significantly improve the rate of long-range 3-point baskets in basketball players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O resultado dos jogos de basquetebol é baseado na pontuação e as regras do basquete são discutidas de um ponto de vista qualitativo. A cesta de três pontos é a chave para o sucesso do jogo e melhorar a porcentagem desse lançamento garantirá o sucesso na partida. Objetivo Explorar os elementos-chave de uma tacada de três pontos de sucesso, discutindo suas melhoras efetivas. Métodos Este artigo seleciona aleatoriamente 26 alunos de uma determinada turma de basquetebol como voluntários para a pesquisa. Antes de iniciar a experiência, os sujeitos foram divididos em grupos controle e experimental, foram agrupados de acordo com os resultados do teste. Analisa-se quatro dados de taxa de lance com três pontos, lance com salto e lance após drible, de acordo com o agrupamento de jogadores. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente para melhor apreciação dos resultados. Resultados Embora os lances tenham melhorado em ambos os grupos, a melhoria não foi significativa (P>0,05). Após nove semanas de exercício, a taxa de sucesso de cestas com três pontos, tanto no grupo experimental quanto no grupo de controle demonstrou um aperfeiçoamento. A melhora na cesta em três pontos foi a maior no grupo experimental (P<0,05). Conclusão O treinamento de força funcional pode melhorar significativamente a taxa de cestas de 3 pontos de longo alcance nos jogadores de basquetebol. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El resultado de los partidos de baloncesto se basa en la puntuación y las reglas del baloncesto se discuten desde un punto de vista cualitativo. La canasta de tres puntos es la clave del éxito del juego y mejorar el porcentaje de este tiro asegurará el éxito en el juego. Objetivo Explorar los elementos clave de un tiro de tres puntos exitoso, discutiendo sus mejoras efectivas. Métodos Este trabajo selecciona al azar a 26 estudiantes de una clase particular de baloncesto como voluntarios para la investigación. Antes de comenzar el experimento, los sujetos se dividieron en grupos de control y experimentales, y se agruparon en función de las puntuaciones obtenidas en las pruebas. Se analizan cuatro datos de la tasa de tiros de tres puntos, de los tiros en salto y de los tiros después de driblar según la agrupación de jugadores. Los datos fueron tratados estadísticamente para una mejor apreciación de los resultados. Resultados Aunque los lanzamientos se optimizaron en ambos grupos, la mejora no fue significativa (P>0,05). Después de nueve semanas de ejercicio, la tasa de éxito en las canastas de tres puntos, tanto en el grupo experimental como en el de control, mostró una mejora. La mejora en la canasta de tres puntos fue mayor en el grupo experimental (P<0,05). Conclusión El entrenamiento de fuerza funcional puede mejorar significativamente el índice de canastas de 3 puntos de largo alcance en jugadores de baloncesto. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Research progress on the role of transient receptor potential canonical 6 in ischemia-reperfusion injury / 器官移植

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to the reperfusion injury caused by the recovery of blood supply of ischemic tissues or organs, which commonly occurs in organ transplantation and other surgical procedures. IRI may cause a series of severe clinical issues, such as delayed graft function, acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and circulatory arrest, etc. These events yield high incidence and fatality. At present, no effective solution has been available. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), a member of Ca2+ channel family, is highly expressed in multiple types of cells. It may adjust many physiological functions by regulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which has become an important target for developing therapeutic drugs for multiple diseases. In this article, research progresses on the introduction and function of TRPC6, the association between TRPC6 and IRI and the therapeutic prospect of TRPC6 targeted drugs in IRI were reviewed, aiming to provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of IRI during organ transplantation

Neurovascular coupling analysis of working memory based on electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy / 生物医学工程学杂志

Working memory is an important foundation for advanced cognitive function. The paper combines the spatiotemporal advantages of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the neurovascular coupling mechanism of working memory. In the data analysis, the convolution matrix of time series of different trials in EEG data and hemodynamic response function (HRF) and the blood oxygen change matrix of fNIRS are extracted as the coupling characteristics. Then, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to calculate the cross correlation between the two modal features. The results show that CCA algorithm can extract the similar change trend of related components between trials, and fNIRS activation of frontal pole region and dorsolateral prefrontal lobe are correlated with the delta, theta, and alpha rhythms of EEG data. This study reveals the mechanism of neurovascular coupling of working memory, and provides a new method for fusion of EEG data and fNIRS data.

Trabalho digno, satisfação com o trabalho e com a vida em administradores / Decent work, and satisfaction with work and life in managers / Trabajo decente, satisfacción con el trabajo y con la vida en administradores

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar interações entre a percepção do trabalho digno (TD) e a satisfação com o trabalho e com a vida, em uma amostra de administradores brasileiros (N = 292). Para isto, foram aplicados três instrumentos: o Questionário de Trabalho Digno, o Questionário de Satisfação com o Trabalho e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida. Os resultados encontrados foram três correlações canônicas interpretáveis: a primeira mostra a associação de todas as dimensões do TD com todas as dimensões da satisfação com o trabalho e com a vida; a segunda, evidencia a interação entre a remuneração significativa para o exercício da cidadania e a satisfação com a vida; e a terceira, destaca a associação entre a saúde e segurança com a satisfação com o ambiente físico do trabalho. Os resultados sugerem a relevância do TD na promoção da satisfação com o trabalho e com a vida.

The present study aimed to explore interactions between decent work (DW) perception and satisfaction with work and life, in a sample of Brazilian managers (N = 292). For this, three instruments were applied: The Decent Work Questionnaire, the Work Satisfaction questionnaire and the Satisfaction With Life Scale. The results found were three interpretable canonical correlations: the first shows the association of all DW dimensions with all dimensions of satisfaction with work and life; the second shows the interaction between meaningful remuneration for the exercise of citizenship and satisfaction with life; and the third, highlights the association between health and safety with satisfaction with the physical work environment. The results suggest the relevance of DW in promoting satisfaction with work and life.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las interacciones entre la percepción del trabajo decente (TD) y la satisfacción con el trabajo y con la vida, en una muestra de administradores brasileños (N = 292). Para eso, se aplicaron tres instrumentos: el Cuestionario de Trabajo Decente, el Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. Los resultados encontrados fueron tres correlaciones canónicas interpretables: la primera presenta la asociación de todas las dimensiones del TD con todas las dimensiones de satisfacción con el trabajo y con la vida; la segunda muestra la interacción entre la remuneración significativa para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía y la satisfacción con la vida; y la tercera, destaca la asociación entre salud y seguridad con la satisfacción con el ambiente físico de trabajo. Los resultados sugieren la importancia del TD en la promoción de la satisfacción con el trabajo y la vida.

Asociación entre variables ecográficas de adiposidad abdominal y variables analíticas y antropométricas aplicando análisis de correlación canónica en gestantes normopeso / Association between echography variables of abdominal adiposity and analytical and anthropometric variables applying canonical correlation analysis in normal-weight pregnant

RESUMEN Fundamento: La obesidad abdominal en gestantes es un marcador de riesgo cardiometabólico independientemente de la adiposidad general, siendo la ultrasonografía de gran utilidad para distinguir los compartimientos adiposos del abdomen y diagnosticar tal peligro al inicio de la gestación. Objetivo: Determinar asociaciones entre variables ecográficas de adiposidad abdominal y variables analíticas y antropométricas en gestantes normopeso al inicio del embarazo según fenotipos metabólicos empleando análisis de correlación canónica. Metodología: Estudio transversal en 526 embarazadas normopeso, entre 12 y 14 semanas de edad gestacional, atendidas en consulta de ultrasonido del Policlínico Docente Chiqui Gómez, municipio Santa Clara. Se midieron las grasas abdominales subcutánea, preperitoneal y visceral, así como variables antropométricas y analíticas. Se conformaron 3 fenotipos metabólicos, y se aplicó la correlación canónica para determinar el nexo entre las mismas y su comportamiento en los diferentes fenotipos. Resultados: Se identificaron 2 conjuntos de variables con correlaciones canónicas que se incrementaron del fenotipo saludable al metabólicamente obeso con valores de 0.6930 a 0.8955 y 0.9298 respectivamente y alta significancia estadística (p=0.000). Conclusiones: Se demuestra el nexo entre las variables ecográficas de adiposidad abdominal grasa subcutánea y grasa visceral y las variables analíticas resistencia a Ia insulina, producto de acumulación lipídico, índice aterogénico y glucemia, evidenciado por los altos valores de correlaciones canónicas obtenidos según cambia el fenotipo de normopeso saludable al metabólicamente obeso; orientando un nuevo enfoque en la determinación de fenotipos de riesgo metabólico en la gestación temprana en mujeres normopeso.

ABSTRACT Background: Abdominal obesity in pregnant women is an indicator of cardiometabolic risk with non-independence of general adiposity, being the ultrasound very useful to distinguish the abdomen adipose compartments also diagnose this risk at the beginning of pregnancy. Objective: To determine possible associations between the ultrasound variables of abdominal adiposity and those analytical and anthropometric in normal-weight pregnant women at the beginning of pregnancy according to metabolic phenotypes using canonical correlation analysis. Methodology: A cross-sectional study in 526 normal-weight pregnant women, between 12 and 14 weeks of gestational age, assisted in the ultrasound office at Chiqui Gómez teaching polyclinic, in Santa Clara city. Subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral abdominal fats were measured, as well as anthropometric and analytical variables. Three metabolic phenotypes were formed, and canonical correlation was applied to determine their relation and also behavior among the different phenotypes. Results: 2 sets of variables were identified with canonical correlations that increased from the healthy to the metabolically obese phenotype with values from 0.6930 to 0.8955 and 0.9298 respectively and high statistical significance (p=0.000). Conclusions: The link between the ultrasound variables of abdominal adiposity, subcutaneous and visceral fat and the analytical insulin resistance, lipid accumulation product, atherogenic index and blood glucose is demonstrated, evidenced by the high values of canonical correlations obtained as the phenotype changes from healthy normal-weight to metabolically obese; guiding a new approach in the resolve of the metabolic risk phenotypes in early gestation in normal-weight women.

Multivariate relationships among pH, subcutaneous fat thickness, and color in bovine meat using canonical correlation analysis / Relación multivariada entre pH, espesor de grasa subcutánea y color en carne bovina usando el análisis de correlación canónica / Relação multivariada entre pH, espessura de gordura subcutânea e cor em carne bovina usando a análise de correlação canônica

Abstract Background: pH, subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), and color are fundamental variables to define the organoleptic characteristics of meat. However, multivariate relationships of those traits remain unexplored in bovine meat. Objective: To investigate the multivariate relationships among pH, subcutaneous fat thickness, and color parameters in bovine meat using canonical correlation analysis. Methods: A dataset containing 173 individual records of pH, SFT, and color parameters (a*: intensity of red color, b*: intensity of yellow color, and L*: lightness) from five Brazilian beef cut types (Breed: Nellore; cuts: acém, contrafilé, fraldinha, patinho and picanha) was constructed. Multivariate relationships between color variables (a*, b*, and L*) and chemical variables (pH and SFT) were explored using the CANCORR procedure of SAS. Results: Two canonical correlations between U (a*, b*, and L*; color variables) and V (pH and SFT; chemical variables) variates were significant (p<0.01). First and second canonical correlations were 0.463 and 0.282, respectively. Canonical weights for variates were for U1: a* = 0.707, b* = 0.406, and L* = -0.039; U2: a* = 0.364, b* = -0.898, and L* = 1.234; V1: pH = -0.376 and SFT = 0.935; V2: pH = 0.927 and STF = 0.356. Conclusion: Subcutaneous fat thickness significantly affected intensity of red and yellow colors, whereas pH significantly affected lightness. The results of this study may be useful for a better understanding of the role of muscle metabolism and its implications on the organoleptic characteristics of bovine meat.

Resumen Antecedentes: El pH, espesor de la grasa subcutánea (SFT) y color, son variables importantes que definen las características organolépticas de la carne de rumiantes. Sin embargo, su relación multivariada en carne bovina permanece inexplorada hasta ahora. Objetivo: Investigar la relación multivariada entre el pH, SFT y parámetros de color en carne bovina mediante el análisis de correlación canónica. Métodos: Se construyó una base de datos con 173 registros individuales de pH, SFT y parámetros de color (a*: intensidad de color rojo, b*: intensidad de color amarillo y L*: luminosidad) de cinco tipos de cortes de carne bovina brasileña (Raza: Nellore; cortes: acém, contrafilé, fraldinha, patinho y picanha). La relación multivariada entre las variables de color (a*, b* y L*) y las variables químicas (pH y SFT) se exploró usando el procedimiento CANCORR de SAS. Resultados: Dos correlaciones canónicas entre las variables U (compuesta por a*, b* y L*; variables de color) y V (compuesta por pH y SFT; variables químicas) fueron significativas (p<0,01). La primera y la segunda correlación canónica fueron 0,463 y 0,282, respectivamente. Los pesos canónicos para las variables canónicas fueron para U1: a* = 0,707, b* = 0,406 y L* = -0,039; U2: a* = 0,364, b* = -0,898 y L* = 1,234; V1: pH = -0,376 y SFT = 0,935; V2: pH = 0,927 y SFT = 0,356. Conclusión: El espesor de grasa subcutánea afectó significativamente la intensidad de los colores rojo y amarillo, mientras que el pH afectó significativamente la luminosidad. Los resultados de este estudio pueden ser útiles para comprender el papel del metabolismo muscular y sus implicaciones en las características organolépticas de la carne bovina.

Resumo Antecedentes: O pH, a espessura da gordura subcutânea (SFT) e a cor, são variáveis importantes que definem as características organolépticas da carne de ruminantes. No entanto, sua relação multivariada em carne bovina até o momento permanece inexplorada. Objetivo: Investigar a relação multivariada entre o pH, SFT e os parâmetros de cor em carne bovina, utilizando a análise de correlação canônica. Métodos: Foi construído um banco de dados contendo 173 registros individuais de pH, SFT e parâmetros de cor (a*: intensidade de cor vermelha, b*: intensidade de cor amarela y L*: luminosidade) de cinco tipos de cortes de carne bovina brasileira (Raça: Nellore; cortes: acém, contrafilé, fraldinha, patinho e picanha). A relação multivariada entre variáveis de cor (a *, b * e L*) e variáveis químicas (pH e SFT) foi explorada usando o procedimento CANCORR do SAS. Resultados: Duas correlações canônicas entre as variáveis U (composta de a *, b * e L *, variáveis de cor) e V (composta de pH e SFT, variáveis químicas) foram significativas (p<0,01). A primeira e segunda correlação canônica foram 0,463 e 0,282, respectivamente. Os pesos canônicos para as variáveis canônicas foram para U1: a* = 0,707, b* = 0,406 e L* = -0,039; U2: a* = 0,364, b* = -0,898 e L* = 1,234; V1: pH = -0,376 e SFT = 0,935; V2: pH = 0,927 e SFT = 0,356. Conclusão: A espessura de gordura subcutânea afetou significativamente a intensidade das cores vermelha e amarela, enquanto o pH afetou significativamente a luminosidade, em carne bovina. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser úteis para entender melhor o papel do metabolismo muscular e suas implicações nas características organolépticas da carne bovina.

Role of non-canonical pyroptosis in sepsis and other inflammatory diseases / 中南大学学报(医学版)

As a form of new programmed cell death, pyroptosis is divided into a canonical pyroptosis pathway and a non-canonical pyroptosis pathway. In recent years, it is reported that non-canonical pyroptosis is closely related to inflammatory reactions, which directly affects the occurrence, development, and outcome of sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory disease, nerve system inflammatory disease, and other inflammatory diseases. When the cells were infected with Gram-negative bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it can induce the activation of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase(caspase)-4/5/11 and directly bind to the cells to cleave gasdermin D (GSDM-D) into the active amino-terminus of GSDM-D. The amino-terminus of GSDM-D with membrane punching activity migrates to the cell membrane, triggering the rupture of the cell membrane, and the cell contents discharge, leading to the occurrence of non-canonical pyroptosis. After activation of caspase-11, it also promotes the canonical pyroptosis, activates and releases interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, which aggravated inflammation. Caspase-4/5/11, GSDM-D, Toll-like receptor 4 and high mobility group protein B1 are the key molecules of the non-canonical pyroptosis. Exploring the mechanisms of non-canonical pyroptosis and the related research progresses in inflammatory diseases intensively is of great significance for clinical prevention and treatment of the relevant diseases.

Meteorological factors responsible for the growth and development of sugarcane at two locations in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Fatores meteorológicos responsáveis pelo crescimento e desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar em dois locais do Rio Grande do Sul

ABSTRACT: This study determined the meteorological variable that most contribute to the productivity of sugarcane stalks in the northwest and central regions of Rio Grande do Sul. The following sugarcane genotypes were used: UFSM XIKA FW, UFSM LUCI FW, UFSM PRETA FW, UFSM DINA FW, UFSM MARI FW, and IAC87-3396. The UFSM cultivars originate from a mutation process in the breeding program conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen campus, and have low temperature tolerance. The productivity-associated morphological characters included in the models were average stem diameter, average stem number per meter of furrow, and average stem height. The following meteorological variables were used: minimum air temperature, precipitation, incident solar radiation, and accumulated thermal sum. Pearson's correlation, canonical correlations, and Stepwise regression were performed between morphological characters and meteorological variables: minimum air temperature had the greatest influence on sugarcane productivity in the studied regions, and accumulated thermal sum showed the highest correlation and contributed most to stem diameter and average stem height. Thus, the models indicated that the growth of sugarcane is positively associated with the accumulated thermal sum, and sugarcane can be cultivated at the studied regions.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a variável meteorológica com maior contribuição na produtividade de colmos de cana-de-açúcar na região noroeste e central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os genótipos de cana-de-açúcar utilizados foram: UFSM XIKA FW, UFSM LUCI FW, UFSM PRETA FW, UFSM DINA FW, UFSM MARI FW, IAC87-3396. As cultivares UFSM são provenientes do processo de mutação do programa de melhoramento da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus de Frederico Westphalen, e possuem tolerância a baixas temperaturas. Os caracteres morfológicos responsáveis pela produtividade utilizados nos modelos foram diâmetro médio de colmo, número médio de colmos por metro de sulco e estatura média de colmos. As variáveis meteorológicas utilizadas foram a temperatura mínima do ar, precipitação pluviométrica, radiação solar incidente e soma térmica acumulada. Foi realizada a correlação de Pearson, correlações canônicas e regressão de Stepwise entre os caracteres morfológicos e as variáveis meteorológicas, nos quais foi constado que a temperatura mínima do ar é a variável com maior influência na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar nas regiões estudadas e, que a soma térmica acumulada é a variável com maior correlação e contribuição no diâmetro de colmo e estatura média dos colmos. Desse modo, os modelos indicam que o crescimento da cana-de-açúcar responde de forma positiva a soma térmica acumulada, e as regiões em estudo apresentam potencial para o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar.

Soil macrofauna in green manures preceding cotton growing / Macrofauna do solo em adubos verdes antecessoras ao cultivo do algodão

The objective of this work was to evaluate the abundance of the soil macrofauna in four green manure species, before the cotton crop. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments: Mucuna pruriens (gray mucuna), Canavalia ensiformes (pork bean), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) and Crotalaria juncea (crotalaria). The macrofauna was captured by means of collections with collections using pitfall traps. The data were processed through the cluster analysis to verify the similarity among green manure species as to the occurrence of soil macrofauna. The orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera L (Larval), Hymenoptera and Coleoptera (adult), respectively, had the highest local relative abundance. There was a significant effect of the cover plants on the taxonomic groups and relative density of the soil macrofauna. Green manures were more determinant in the abundance and relative density of the soil macrofauna than the region climate. Up to 60 days after sowing the cotton crop, there was a beneficial influence of the green manures on the soil macrofauna.

Objetivou-se avaliar a abundância da macrofauna do solo em quatro espécies de adubos verdes, antecedendo a cultura do algodão. O experimento foi instalado na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - Unidade Experimental de Aquidauana, MS. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos: Mucuna pruriens (mucuna cinza), Canavalia ensiformes (feijão de porco), Cajanus cajan (guandu anão)e Crotalaria juncea (crotalária) e quatro repetições.A macrofauna foi capturada por meio de coletas com armadilhas modelo Pitfall.Os dados foram processados mediantes a análise de agrupamento para verificar a similaridade entre as espécies de adubação verde quanto à ocorrência da macrofauna do solo.A maior abundância relativa local foram as ordens, Orthoptera, Coleoptera L (Larva), Hymenoptera e Coleoptera respectivamente. Houve efeito significativo das plantas de cobertura sobre os grupos taxonômicos e densidade relativa da macrofauna edáfica. Os adubos verdes foram mais determinantes na abundância e densidade relativa da macrofauna do solo que o clima da região. Até os 60 dias de implantação da cultura do algodão, houve influência benéfica dos adubos verdes sobre a população da macrofauna do solo.

Eficiencia en la educación superior. Estudio empírico en universidades públicas de Colombia y España / Eficiência no ensino superior. Estudo empírico em universidades públicas da Colômbia e Espanha / Efficiency in higher education. Empirical study in public universities of Colombia and Spain

Resumen En las últimas décadas, las universidades de Iberoamérica han introducido nuevos esquemas de evaluación de calidad y rendición de cuentas, inspirados en el modelo de la nueva gestión pública (NGP). En este contexto, la eficiencia en el reparto de los fondos públicos y la obtención del máximo rendimiento posible son una prioridad. Así, medir la eficiencia en el sector público, y específicamente en la educación superior, se ha convertido en un desafío para la ciencia contable. El objetivo de este trabajo es una propuesta para el cálculo de índices de eficiencia con modelos de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA), introduciendo un paso previo a través del análisis de correlación canónica (ACC). A través de esta técnica se pretende mejorar la capacidad de discriminación y superar la monodimensionalidad y falta de confiabilidad en la representatividad de las variables input y output elegidas. El estudio se aplicó en las universidades públicas de Colombia y España durante los años 2015 y 2016. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la conveniencia de aplicar este paso preliminar en el análisis multivariante. Con ello, se refuerza la necesidad de explorar metodologías más rigurosas en etapas previas y posteriores al cálculo de los índices de eficiencia, que permitan generar confianza, a efectos de ser utilizados en la formulación de políticas y gestión de recursos para el sector.

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, as universidades iberoamericanas introduziram novos esquemas de avaliação e prestação de contas, inspirados no modelo da Nova Gestão Pública (NGP). Nesse contexto, a eficiência na distribuição de recursos públicos e a obtenção do máximo retorno possível são uma prioridade. Assim, medir a eficiência no setor público, e especificamente no ensino superior, tornou-se um desafio para a ciência contábil. O objetivo deste trabalho é uma proposta para o cálculo de índices de eficiência com os modelos DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), introduzindo uma etapa anterior da Análise de Correlação Canônica (ACC). O objetivo dessa técnica é melhorar a capacidade de discriminação e superar a monodimensionalidade e a falta de confiabilidade no quão representativas são as variáveis de entrada e saída escolhidas. O estudo é aplicado nas universidades públicas da Colômbia e Espanha durante os anos de 2015 e 2016. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a conveniência de aplicar esta etapa preliminar na análise multivariada. Isso reforça a necessidade de explorar metodologias mais rigorosas nas etapas antes e depois do cálculo dos índices de eficiência, os quais gerarão confiança, para serem utilizados na formulação de políticas e gestão de recursos para o setor.

Abstract In recent decades, Iberoamerican universities have introduced new quality assessment and accountability schemes, inspired by the New Public Management (NGP) model. In this context, efficiency in the distribution of public funds and obtaining the maximum possible return are a priority. Thus, measuring efficiency in the public sector, and specifically in higher education, has become a challenge for accounting science. The objective of this work is a proposal to calculate efficiency indices with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, introducing a previous step through the Analysis of Canonical Correlation (ACC). Using this technique, the aim is to improve discrimination capacity and overcome monodimensionality and lack of reliability in the representativeness of the chosen input and output variables. The study is applied in the public universities of Colombia and Spain during the years 2015 and 2016. The results obtained demonstrate the convenience of applying this preliminary step in the multivariate analysis. This reinforces the need to explore more rigorous methodologies in stages before and after the calculation of the efficiency indices. This practice increases confidence when using the indices to formulate policies and manage resources for the sector.

Identification, characterization and mapping of honey bee flora of Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia

Aim: The study aimed to identify and document major honey bee flora, their blooming seasons (floral calendar), density and frequency, beekeeping potential areas, and place radius for the major bee flora of the Al-Baha region.Methodology: To identify the honey bee flora of al-Baha region, 420 quadrates were established in different seasons and ecological zones. Plants as honey bee forages were identified through observation of the foraging of honey bees on the flowers for nectar or/and pollen. The density and frequency of each plant was calculated, density and radius maps for major honey bee plants were made using the Arc-Map. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was carried out for major honey bee plants using MVSP software. Results: The results showed that more than 550 species of flowering plants were recorded in the study areas, of which 204 plant species belonging to 58 families were identified as honey bee plants. However, only 9 species were found to be an important source of major honeys in the region. The largest number (13%) of honey bee plants was recorded for the family Asteraceae, followed by Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Mimosaceae each with 13 (6.4%), 11 (5.4%), 11 (5.4%) and 10 (4.9%) plants, respectively. Each of the remaining families had 1 to 8 species. Interpretation: The radius maps, as well as the blooming periods of honey bee flora will guide beekeepers to move their colonies during the peak flowering periods

Morphometric analysis of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), Sergentomyia anodontis Quate and Fairchild, 1961, populations in caves of southern Thailand

To determine the morphological characteristics of variations in populations of female adult sand fly, Sergentomyia anodontis Quate and Fairchild, 1961 in caves in southern Thailand using morphometric analysis. Methods: A total of 107 female Sergentomyia anodontis were isolated from 651 sand flies captured by CDC light traps overnight in caves in Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun and Songkhla provinces from February to December 2017. Measurement of 23 external and internal morphological characteristics was conducted. Data were tested with preliminary statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene's test and Box's test of equality of covariance matrices) and by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. Measurements were analyzed using canonical discriminant analysis. Results: There were 11 morphological characteristics with high variability while two characteristics exhibited low variation. The sand fly populations from Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun and Songkhla provinces were very similar but were separate from that in Surat Thani province based on canonical discriminant analysis data. This indicates that the morphological variation founding is a result of the diversity of habitats in each population and the geographic features of caves in each area, such as their altitude above sea level. Conclusions: There is a certain variation in the morphology of Sergentomyia anodontis sand flies at the population level which may be used for future classification of sand flies.

Morphometric analysis of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), Sergentomyia anodontis Quate and Fairchild, 1961, populations in caves of southern Thailand

To determine the morphological characteristics of variations in populations of female adult sand fly, Sergentomyia anodontis Quate and Fairchild, 1961 in caves in southern Thailand using morphometric analysis. Methods: A total of 107 female Sergentomyia anodontis were isolated from 651 sand flies captured by CDC light traps overnight in caves in Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun and Songkhla provinces from February to December 2017. Measurement of 23 external and internal morphological characteristics was conducted. Data were tested with preliminary statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene's test and Box's test of equality of covariance matrices) and by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. Measurements were analyzed using canonical discriminant analysis. Results: There were 11 morphological characteristics with high variability while two characteristics exhibited low variation. The sand fly populations from Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun and Songkhla provinces were very similar but were separate from that in Surat Thani province based on canonical discriminant analysis data. This indicates that the morphological variation founding is a result of the diversity of habitats in each population and the geographic features of caves in each area, such as their altitude above sea level. Conclusions: There is a certain variation in the morphology of Sergentomyia anodontis sand flies at the population level which may be used for future classification of sand flies.

Relationship between the five-factor model of personality traits and self-management attitude of patients with type 2 diabetes / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation between different personality characteristics and self-management attitude such as medication, exercise and diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.@*METHODS@#The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 4 Community Healthcare Services and 22 affiliated community stations of Tongzhou District and Shunyi District of Beijing were selected as subjects. The Chinese big five personality inventory and the self-designed scale including the attitudes of medication, exercise and diet were used in the study.@*RESULTS@#In this study, 642 subjects were finally included, among whom the sex ratio of male and female was basically the same, 61.21% were over 61 years old. In this study, different genders had differences in neurotic personality (P<0.05), different age groups had differences in agreeableness and openness (P<0.05), different education levels had differences in openness and extraversion (P<0.05), and different income levels had differences in agreeableness, openness and extraversion (P<0.05). The linear correlation analysis of the five-factor moldel of personality traits with medication, exercise and diet attitude showed that three items of perceived disorders of medication were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.125, 0.187, 0.151, P<0.05), four items of perceived disorders of exercise were positively correlated with neurotic personality (r=0.163, 0.129, 0.119, 0.104, P<0.05), and perceived benefits of exercise were positively correlated with conscientiousness (five items, r=0.156, 0.111, 0.131, 0.104, 0.131, P<0.05), agreeableness (two items, r=0.092, 0.078, P<0.05) and extraversion (four items, r=0.079, 0.122, 0.115, 0.123, P<0.05), three items of perceived disorders of diet were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.115, 0.137, 0.108, P<0.05), and two items of were negatively correlated with conscientiousness (r=－0.126, －0.161, P<0.05) and agreeableness (r=－0.103, －0.115, P<0.05). In the canonical correlation analysis, according to the formula combination of three groups of typical variables and canonical structure diagrams, neuroticism and agreeableness played major roles in personality traits, and items that represented "obstacles" in medication, exercise, and dietary attitudes played a major role.@*CONCLUSION@#All the five personality traits were correlated with the self-management attitude of type 2 diabetes patients, and different personality traits have an impact on the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, it is of great significance to understand neuroticism for improving the mental health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, attention should be paid to the influence of psychological factors in community management of type 2 diabetes and disease self-management, and the personalized care and health education should be carried out according to the personality traits of patients.

Morphological Developments of Orchis purpurea Huds. Salep Orchids

Abstract This article aims to monitor the development of Orchis purpurea Huds., salep orchids, of different sizes over a period of two years, and to investigate the relationship between the parameters studied. In the first step, the measurements taken at the time of planting and harvesting of tubers divided into eight different groups according to their size were subjected to variance and Duncan's test. In the second step, the relationship between the parameters was investigated by ignoring seedling groups. The relationship between the two variables was determined by correlation analysis. The significance of the relationships between planting and harvest data sets, and variable contributions were determined by canonical correlation analysis. Finally, leaf area prediction modeling was performed by applying multiple regression analysis. In variance analysis all parameters were significant. The canonical correlation between the first pair of canonical variables was 0.988 (p<0.01). The data obtained from the tubers made the greatest contribution to the explanatory power of the canonical variables. The leaf area model was formulized as LA (mm2) = -1237.0204 + 57.7912 × LW + 16.6211 × LL where LA is leaf area, LW is leaf width, LL is leaf length and a, b, and c are coefficients.

Selection of Indicators to Discriminate Soil Tillage Systems and to Assess Soil Quality in a Red Latosol

Abstract The soil tillage practiced over a long period of time impacts soil quality. The first step in soil quality assessment is to select which indicators should be used. The objective of this study was to identify the soil attributes that discriminate soil tillage systems and can be used as indicators for soil quality assessments. Sixteen soil physical and chemical attributes were evaluated: macroporosity (MaP), microporosity (MiP), total porosity (TP), bulk density (BD), field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs), soil resistance to penetration (SRP), pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2), aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), available phosphorus (P), total organic carbon (TOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation (BS), of a very clayey Red Latosol, cultivated for a long period in no-till (NT), conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT). The soil attributes (indicators) were selected using canonical discriminant analysis. MiP, Kfs, pH (CaCl2), Ca, Mg, CEC e BS were the most efficient indicators to discriminate soil tillage systems. In the indicator interpretation step was sustained MiP as the indicator that represents the function of physical stability and support, Kfs as the indicator that represents the function of water relations, BS as the indicator that represents the function of nutrient cycling and pH (CaCl2) as the indicator that represents the function of filtering and buffering. These indicators can be used for future soil quality assessment and monitoring of tillage systems in similar regions and conditions.

Targeting the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer radioresistance: Updates on the molecular mechanisms

Radiation resistance is an important factor that affects the efficacy of radiotherapy; it could even lead to its failure. In recent years, the relationship between the classical Wnt signaling pathway and radiation resistance has gradually attracted attention from scholars. Although most of the findings are comprehensive, they are fragmented and disorganized. This review explores the relationship between classical Wnt signaling pathways and cancer radiation resistance. Previous literature regarding the classical Wnt signaling pathways and cancer radiation resistance from the past decades had been summarized in this article. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms and functions of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in the formation of radioresistance were systemically analyzed and sorted out. Certain rules and internal relationships among different pathways have been further clarified; this is expected to provide valuable clues for further research. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is closely associated with the formation of cancer radioresistance, which may be a target for improving the effects of radiotherapy

Englerin A-sensing charged residues for transient receptor potential canonical 5 channel activation

The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 5 channel, known as a nonselective cation channel, has a crucial role in calcium influx. TRPC5 has been reported to be activated by muscarinic receptor activation and extracellular pH change and inhibited by the protein kinase C pathway. Recent studies have also suggested that TRPC5 is extracellularly activated by englerin A (EA), but the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the EA-interaction sites in TRPC5 and thereby clarify the mechanism of TRPC5 activation. TRPC5 channels are over-expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. TRPC5 mutants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. The whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record TRPC5 currents. Western analysis was also performed to observe the expression of TRPC5 mutants. To identify the EA-interaction site in TRPC5, we first generated pore mutants. When screening the mutants with EA, we observed the EA-induced current increases of TRPC5 abolished in K554N, H594N, and E598Q mutants. The current increases of other mutants were reduced in different levels. We also examined the functional intactness of the mutants that had no effect by EA with TRPC5 agonists, such as carbachol or GTPγS. Our results suggest that the three residues, Lys-554, His-594, and Glu-598, in TRPC5 might be responsible for direct interaction with EA, inducing the channel activation. We also suggest that although other pore residues are not critical, they could partly contribute to the EA-induced channel activation.